Background: Cytosolic branched chain aminotransferase (BCATc) initiates Leu catabolism. In T cells, Leu activates mTORC1, the role of BCATc is unknown. Results: BCATc stimulates Leu transamination, whereas loss of BCATc expression increases Leu concentrations, mTORC1 signaling, and glycolysis in T cells. Conclusion: BCATc is a novel immunosuppressive enzyme controlling Leu supply for mTORC1 in T cells. Significance: A new link is revealed between amino acid metabolism and the immune response.

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