Tuberculosis (TB) is considered to be a disease of poverty, since its incidence is exacerbated by socioeconomic factors, inconsistent or partial treatment practices, and immigration from endemic countries.A prospective country level study, using a comprehensive dataset of TB incidence and prevalence taken from countries within the World Health Organization (WHO) European region, was conducted. We employed quintile regression to investigate the prospective association between baseline (measured in 2000) and a nation's wealth, level of egalitarianism, migration rate, health-related lifestyle and social capital with TB incidence and prevalence over a 10-yr period (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009).We found that ,50% of TB variation is accounted for by a nation's wealth and level of egalitarianism. We observed a negative prospective association between logged gross domestic product and TB rates, and a positive prospective association between income inequality and TB.National income levels per capita and income inequality are important predictors for TB incidence and prevalence in the WHO European region. They account for 50% of country-level variation, indicating the importance of a combined absolute and relative socioeconomic disadvantage in the development of TB. These findings also provide a tool for forecasting potential fluctuations in the level of TB epidemics in the WHO European region, with respect to socioeconomic changes.

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In the developing world, persons with disabilities tend to be concentrated in the poorest segments of society, in which they have limited access to education, training, and employment. When they do work, this is generally at a lower level than their true potential, and in temporary or unstable markets. In El Salvador, poor skill development, lack of awareness and neglect have further marginalized those with disabilities from contributing to the economic welfare of their families and communities. Using two pilot communities in El Salvador, this investigation highlights how the economic needs and challenges of persons with disabilities differ within rural and urban settings. Among individuals with disabilities residing in urban areas, discrimination and inaccessibility prevail as challenges in attaining employment, whereas a lack of training and skills is more commonly noted as a barrier to employment among respondents from rural areas. Although the economic barriers faced by persons with disabilities vary widely between communities, these differences have not been addressed by current rehabilitation models. This research provides guidance to local Salvadoran agencies in the development and implementation of needs-based rehabilitation programming at the community level.