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The following case report describes a 22-year-old healthy man, non-smoker, non-drinker, who developed a squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa. The appearance of this unusual tumor in an unexpected clinical setting was unexplained until it was discovered that the patient had a lifetime habit of chewing plastic materials containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The extent and chronicity of his intense oral exposure to PVC is believed to be related to his subsequent development of an oral neoplasm. Attention is again focused on PVC as an important environmental toxin and carcinogenic agent. Clarification of the content of PVC in consumer products is urged. Physicians must remain aware of possible environmental carcinogens in patients presenting with unexpected or rare malignancies. Detection of such exposure may well prevent subsequent development of additional unexplained neoplasms.