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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a dioecious plant, and sex of the seedlings can be determined only at the time of first flowering which takes 4-5 years. Female date palm plants are of economic importance as they bear the fruit. Therefore, sex identification at an early stage is highly desirable. DNA-based markers are useful for early sex detection. In this chapter, we describe male-specific sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers to identify sex in date palm at the seedling stage. Genomic DNA is isolated separately from both male and female date palm genotypes. Amplification of this genomic DNA isolated from male and female plants using the SCAR primers results in an amplicon of 406 bp in both female and male samples and a unique amplicon of 354 bp only in male samples. Based on this amplification pattern, the sex of date palm seedlings can be predicted.

Li-Fi stands for Light-fidelity. The technology was very new and proposed by the German Physicist Harald Hass in 2011. Li-Fi basically aims to replace Wi-Fi by using light to transmit internet signals. It works on the principle of visible light communication I.e .use of visible light for communication. Though Li-Fi is a system that is capable of transmitting data at high speeds over the visible light, ultraviolet and infrared spectrum but in its present state only LED lambs can be used. It consists of a light bulb which is used as an emitter and a photo diode as a receiver. Li-Fi provides transmission of data through an LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than human eye can follow .It is ideal for high density wireless data coverage in confined area where there is no obstacle. It provides better bandwidth efficiency, availability& security than wifi. The technology is actively being developed by several organizations across the globe. In this project we tried to show a basic prototype of wireless data transmission using LiFi and what future it holds within itself for the new generation needs