Introduction: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a well-established technique for evaluation of salivary gland lesions, but because of the heterogenicity and morphological overlap between spectrum of lesion, there are a few challenges in its wide use. Recently, “The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology” (MSRSGC) was introduced, providing guide for diagnosis and management according to the risk of malignancy (ROM) in different categories. The current study was conducted retrospectively to reclassify the salivary gland lesions from previous diagnosis and to evaluate the ROM in different categories. Material and Methods: Clinical data, FNAC specimen, histological, and clinical follow-up of cases were retrieved, cytological features were re-evaluated, and cases were reclassified as follows: Category 1: Non-diagnostic (ND); Category 2: Non-neoplastic (NN); Category 3: Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS); Category 4a: Neoplasm: benign (NB), Category 4b: Neoplasm: salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP); Category 5: suspicious of malignancy (SM); and Category 6: Malignant (M). Result: Total 293 cases were evaluated cytologically, and histological follow-up was available in 172 cases. The distribution of cases into different categories was as follows ND (6.1%), NN (38.2%), AUS (2.7%), NB (33.4%), SUMP (2.0%), SM (2.4%), and M (15%). Overall, ROM reported were 25%, 5%, 20%, 4.4%, 33.3%, 85.7%, and 97.5%, respectively for each category. Overall, sensitivity was 83.33%, specificity was 98.31%, positive predictive value was 95.74%, and negative predictive value was 92.80%. Conclusion: MSRSGC is a recently proposed six category scheme, which places salivary gland FNAC into well-defined categories that limit the possibilities of false negative and false positive cases.

Rosai-Dorfman disease, that is, sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a benign systemic proliferative disorder of histiocytes. The typical clinical presentation of the disease includes bilateral painless massive lymphadenopathy, fever and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Extranodal involvement is present in only a few cases and skin lesions are the most common form of extranodal disease. However, purely cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease is uncommon. In this study, we describe a 10-year-old child presenting with bilateral ocular involvement.

We report a significant improvement in the diagnosis of cervical cancer through a combined application of principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) on the average fluorescence decay profile of Fluorescence Lifetime Images (FLI) of epithelial hyperplasia (EH) and CIN-I cervical tissue samples, obtained ex-vivo. The fast and slow components of double exponential fitted fluorescence lifetimes were found to be higher for EH compared to the lifetimes of CIN-I samples. Application of PCA to the average time-resolved fluorescence decay profiles showed that the 2nd PC, in combination with 1st PC, enhanced the discrimination between EH and CIN-I tissues. Fluorescence lifetime and PC scores were then classified separately by using SVM support vector machine to identify the two. On applying SVM to a combination of fluorescence lifetime and PC scores, diagnostic capability improved significantly.

Background: Carcinoma breast is the most common malignancy occurring in females worldwide while in India it is the 2 nd most common malignancy occurring after cervical cancer in females. The incidence is three times higher in urban areas than in rural setup. The disease pattern, clinical and histopathological presentation differs from that of the western world. . Total 54 female were considered for the study, selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Histomorphology and lymph node status in breast carcinomas, the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) in all these breast carcinomas and its prognostic importance in post operative patient. Results: Present study comprised of total 54 female patients. Out of all 48.15% cases were found to be in 5 th decade (premenopausal predilection) of life in our setup. Most common type found in study was Ductal carcinoma (not otherwise specified) seen in 92.6% cases. Lymph node metastasis was found in 66% positive cases. Maximum 54% cases were histologically classified as grade II. A positive correlation was found between histology and immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: From the present study, it can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between histopathological grade and other prognostic factors including immunohistochemical markers. Immunohistochemical markers can be effectively used to predict prognosis and therapeutic management of patients with carcinoma breast.

Background: Interpretation of salivary gland cytology often leads to inter-observer variability due to heterogenous and complex nature of these lesions. This creates a dilemma regarding their management by clinicians. Proposal of a universal system of reporting of salivary gland lesions leading to agreement in diagnosis and better understanding among clinicians was the need of the hour. Hence Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC) was proposed in 2015 by the American society of cytopathology and the International Academy of Cytology. Present study was undertaken to assess inter-observer variability in reporting by conventional system and MSRSGC.Material and methods: One hundred and seventy-six cases of salivary gland lesions were subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology. Cases were interpreted by two experienced cytopathologists and were reported by both conventional system and MSRSGC. Histopathological correlation was available in 81 cases.Results: Inter-observer variability was noted in six cases reported by conventional system and in two cases by MSRSGC. Moreover three cases out six cases had different management protocols while both cases of Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytology had same management. Thirteen cases diagnosed by Milan system and 17 cases diagnosed by conventional system were discordant with histopathological diagnosis. Conclusion:Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytology has an edge over conventional system of reporting as it provides better agreement among cytopathologists and better management guidelines for clinicians with the added advantage of assessment of risk of malignancy. K E Y W O R D S conventional system of reporting, interobserver variability, Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytology (MSRSGC) Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a rapid, nonsurgical diagnostic technique, which can establish a definitive diagnosis for a salivary gland lesion. It is a preferred method because incisional biopsy can be associated with an increased risk of infection and potential contamination of surgical planes. 1 It has been shown that unnecessary surgery can be avoided based on the preoperative FNA diagnosis in approximately