The aim of this study was to help drive the Tunisian construction industry towards a more sustainable approach given the existence of abundant local raw material deposits that could be exploited for the production of low-CO2 binders. Various clay sediments from the Kebili region (southern Tunisia) were characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and geotechnical tests to determine their suitability for the preparation of geopolymer binders. The clays consist of illite and kaolinite with other accessory minerals. To test the possibility of using these materials as precursors for the production of low-CO2 and low-cost geopolymers, the raw samples were calcined and activated by addition of solid sodium silicate. Compressive strength tests performed on four alkali-activated clays show that promising mechanical performance may be achieved, with mechanical strength values as high as 25 MPa after 7 days, depending on the clay composition. The mechanical strength is related to the SiO2:Al2O3 and Al2O3:(NaO2 + K2O) ratios. Careful selection of the raw materials is, therefore, an essential step in the exploitation of clay deposits to be used for the production of ecological materials such as geopolymers.
Ce travail présente les résultats d’une étude détaillée des séries argileuses qui affleurent dans la plaine de la mégastructure des Chotts (Kébili-Sud-Est de la Tunisie) afind’évaluer leur aptitude à être utilisées dans les produits céramiques. La caractérisation des argiles a été menée par des analyses minéralogiques, physico-chimiques, géotechniques et des essais semi-industriels. Ces argiles sont composées essentiellement d’illite et de kaolinite, et occasionnellement de chlorite. Leur teneur en fer est de l’ordre de 6–7 %, et celle de l’alumine de 13–19 %. Les analyses géotechniques prouvent que la plupart des échantillons sont peu à moyennement plastiques (indice de plasticité est de 13–20 %). Tous ces paramètres sont encourageants pour l’utilisation de ces argiles dans le domaine de la céramique traditionnelle.
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