Triplet emitters based on platinum(II) complexes have gained major attention in recent times.[1] They can form aggregates or excimers, causing shifts in the emitted wavelengths and affecting the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). [2] Even though this effect can be exploited for the construction of white organic light emitting diodes (WOLEDs), [3] it is disadvantageous for applications where color purity is desirable. Terpyridine ligands [4] and their N^C^N and N^N^C analogues [5] have been coordinated to platinum(II), leading to neutral, mono-, or doubly charged species, some of which display bright luminescence. They can form supramolecular structures, such as nanowires, nanosheets, and polymeric mesophases, with interesting optical properties.[6]For low-molecular-weight organo-or hydrogelators, [7] the operating mechanism of gelation has been recognized as a supramolecular effect, where the constituting fibers, usually of microscale lengths and nanoscale diameters, are formed in solution predominantly by unidirectional self-assembly.[8] The entanglement of filaments gives a network that entraps solvent molecules within the compartments. As supramolecular gels provide fibrous aggregates with long-range order, they could be of interest in the fields of optoelectronic devices and sensors. In this context, organometallic gelators can display metal-metal interactions that influence their properties.[9]Herein we present a straightforward one-pot synthesis of neutral, soluble platinum(II) coordination compounds bearing a dianionic tridentate terpyridine-like ligand. The coordination of an alkyl pyridine ancillary moiety to the 2,6-bis(tetrazolyl)pyridine complex allowed us to enhance the solubility and thus the processability. The synthetic approach involved mild reaction conditions that involved a nonnucleophilic base and an adequate inorganic platinum(II) precursor. Moisture-and oxygen exclusion were not required, and the product was easily purified by repeated precipitation (Scheme 1). The emission intensity of the complex attained a PLQY of up to 87 % in thin films, with concentrationindependent color and efficiency. We demonstrated its suitability as a dopant in solution-processed OLEDs. Furthermore, we discovered that this complex is also able to selfassemble into bright nanofibers, which can interlock to yield highly emissive gels (90 % PLQY), thus constituting a versatile building block for luminescent supramolecular architectures. Scheme 1. One-pot synthesis of platinum(II) complex 4 and a representation of the self-assembly process, going from luminescent aggregates to fibers and gels.
A novel blue‐emitting material, 2‐tert‐butyl‐9,10‐bis[4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl]anthracene (TPVAn), which contains an anthracene core and two tetraphenylethylene end‐capped groups, has been synthesized and characterized. Owing to the presence of its sterically congested terminal groups, TPVAn possesses a high glass transition temperature (155 °C) and is morphologically stable. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) utilizing TPVAn as the emitter exhibit bright saturated‐blue emissions (Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of x = 0.14 and y = 0.12) with efficiencies as high as 5.3 % (5.3 cd A–1)—the best performance of non‐doped deep blue‐emitting OLEDs reported to date. In addition, TPVAn doped with an orange fluorophore served as an authentic host for the construction of a white‐light‐emitting device that displayed promising electroluminescent characteristics: the maximum external quantum efficiency reached 4.9 % (13.1 cd A–1) with CIE coordinates located at (0.33, 0.39).
TFTPA (tris[4‐(9‐phenylfluoren‐9‐yl)phenyl]amine), a novel host material that contains a triphenylamine core and three 9‐phenyl‐9‐fluorenyl peripheries, was effectively synthesized through a Friedel‐Crafts‐type substitution reaction. Owing to the presence of its sterically bulky 9‐phenyl‐9‐fluorenyl groups, TFTPA exhibits a high glass transition temperature (186 °C) and is morphologically and electrochemically stable. In addition, as demonstrated from atomic force microscopy measurements, the aggregation of the triplet iridium dopant is significantly diminished in the TFTPA host, resulting in a highly efficient full‐color phosphorescence. The performance of TFTPA‐based devices is far superior to those of the corresponding mCP‐ or CBP‐based devices, particularly in blue‐ and red‐emitting electrophosphorescent device systems. The efficiency of the FIrpic‐based blue‐emitting device reached 12 % (26 cd A–1) and 18 lm W–1 at a practical brightness of 100 cd m–2; the Ir(piq)2acac‐based red‐emitting device exhibited an extremely low turn‐on voltage (2.6 V) and a threefold enhancement in device efficiency (9.0 lm W–1) relative to those of reference devices based on the CBP host material.
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