In this paper we provide some circumstantial evidence for a holographic duality between bubble nucleation in an eternally inflating universe and a Euclidean conformal field theory. The holographic correspondence (which is different than Strominger's dS/CFT duality) relates the decay of (3+1)-dimensional de Sitter space to a two-dimensional CFT. It is not associated with pure de Sitter space, but rather with Coleman-De Luccia bubble nucleation. Alternatively, it can be thought of as a holographic description of the open, infinite, FRW cosmology that results from such a bubble.The conjectured holographic representation is of a new type that combines holography with the Wheeler-DeWitt formalism to produce a Wheeler-DeWitt theory that lives on the spatial boundary of a k = −1 FRW cosmology.We also argue for a more ambitious interpretation of the Wheeler-DeWitt CFT as a holographic dual of the entire Landscape.

The holographic model for S-wave high T c superconductors developed by Hartnoll, Herzog, and Horowitz is generalized to describe D-wave superconductors. The 3 þ 1 dimensional gravitational theory consists of a symmetric, traceless second-rank tensor field and a Uð1Þ gauge field in the background of the anti-de Sitter black hole. Below T c the tensor field, which carries the Uð1Þ charge, undergoes the Higgs mechanism and breaks the Uð1Þ symmetry of the boundary theory spontaneously. The phase transition characterized by the D-wave condensate is second order with the mean field critical exponent ¼ 1=2.As expected, the AC conductivity is isotropic below T c , and the system becomes superconducting in the DC limit but has no hard gap.

No abstract

The National Science Council (NSC) of Taiwan started the HAZ-Taiwan project in 1998 to promote researches on seismic hazard analysis, structural damage assessment, and socio-economic loss estimation. The associated application software, ''Taiwan Earthquake Loss Estimation System (TELES)'', integrates various inventory data and analysis modules to fulfill three objectives. First, it helps to obtain reliable estimates of seismic hazards and losses soon after occurrence of large earthquakes. Second, it helps to simulate earthquake scenarios and to provide useful estimates for local governments or public services to propose their seismic disaster mitigation plans. Third, it helps to provide catastrophic risk management tools, such as proposing the seismic insurance policy for residential buildings. This paper focuses on the development and application of analysis modules used in early loss estimation system. These modules include assessments of ground motion intensity, soil liquefaction potential, building damage and casualty.