Multipath TCP (MPTCP) allows the system to use available paths through multiple network interfaces. This aggregation of bandwidth increases the throughput of the network but also consumes more energy to maintain connections between multiple interfaces. Existing algorithms tend to shift traffic from the high energy path to the low energy path to save energy. However, when the performance of the less energy-intensive path deteriorates, continued use of that path will reduce throughput. To alleviate this issue and reduce energy consumption while ensuring network throughput, this paper proposes an energy-saving scheduling system named ES-MPTCP, which can be combined with the path management module to manage subflows, thereby determining the priority of subflows and which subflows to be used for data transmission. The ES-MPTCP algorithm designs a target optimization function based on path throughput and energy consumption to find different sets of suitable subflows for different applications to reduce energy consumption and guarantee throughput. The extensive experimental results based on the Linux real platform demonstrate that the ES-MPTCP algorithm has the best performance, which can improve throughput by 13.6%, reduce energy consumption by 16.2% and increase the energy efficiency up to 23%.

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