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Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of iron-dependent cell death, which is different from other death forms. The main characteristics of ferroptosis are: (1) Amino acid metabolism. (2) Iron metabolism; (3) Lipid metabolism and Reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ferroptosis is related to the occurrence and development of a variety of cancers, especially in the drug resistance. This article reviews the research progress of iron death in tumors, and provides a theoretical reference for its further research and clinical application.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose an extended Kalman particle filter (EPF) approach for dynamic state estimation of synchronous machine using the phasor measurement unit’s measurements. Design/methodology/approach EPF combines the extended Kalman filter (EKF) with the particle filter (PF) to accurately estimate the dynamic states of synchronous machine. EKF is used to make particles of PF transfer to the likelihood distribution from the previous distribution. Therefore, the sample impoverishment in the implementation of PF is able to be avoided. Findings The proposed method is capable of estimating the dynamic states of synchronous machine with high accuracy. The real-time capability of this method is also acceptable. Practical implications The effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested on IEEE 30-bus system. Originality/value Introducing EKF into PF, EPF is proposed to estimate the dynamic states of synchronous machine. The accuracy of a dynamic state estimation is increased.