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Three kinds of bismuth-layer-structured ferroelectric (BLSF) ceramics, CaBi4Ti4O15 (CBT), Ca0.8(CeNa)0.1Bi4Ti4O15 (CNBT), and Na-deficient Ca0.8(Ce0.1Na0.05\Box0.05)Bi4Ti4O15 [CN\BoxBT] (where \Box represents vacancies) were prepared by a conventional ceramic technique. X-ray powder diffraction showed that their crystal structures are a single phase of BLSF with m=4. Sintering characteristics of the three ceramics were also discussed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of CN\BoxBT showed that the grain is platelike. The A-site (NaCe) substitution can improve the piezoelectric constant d 33 and high-temperature resistivity with decreasing Curie temperature. The modification by A-site (NaCe) substitution with Na-deficiency is more pronounced than CNBT, which not only leads to a very high piezoelectric constant d 33 and high-temperature resistivity but also increases the Curie temperature. The reason for the high T c (T c=866°C) of CN\BoxBT is considered to be internal stress. As a result, Na-deficient CN\BoxBT ceramic is found to be an excellent high-temperature piezoelectric material.

We investigated the effect of A-site compound substitution on the structures and properties of Ca0.8(MCe)0.1Bi4Ti4O15 (M denotes Li, Na and K) ceramics. The samples were prepared by the conventional ceramic technique. Sintering characteristics of Ca0.8(MCe)0.1Bi4Ti4O15 and CaBi4Ti4O15 ceramics were discussed. X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the three modified CBT-based compounds show a single phase of bismuth oxide layer type structure with m=4. The hysteresis loops of polarization versus electric field of the four compounds were also measured. A-site compound substitution improves the piezoelectric properties and the high-temperature resistivity of these materials. A-site (LiCe) and (KCe) substitution not only improves the Curie temperature but also decreases the temperature coefficient of dielectric constant (T K ε). Among the three modified ceramics, only the Curie temperature of Ca0.8(NaCe)0.1Bi4Ti4O15 is lower than that of CaBi4Ti4O15; however, its T K ε is the lowest. As a result, all the three modified CBT-based ceramics were found to be excellent high-temperature piezoelectric materials.