Background. To explore the related factors of early mortality in patients with severe renal injury treated with continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD), this study is of great significance to improve the treatment effect of hemodialysis. Methods. Clinical data of 83 patients with severe renal injury who underwent CVVHD treatment in Nephrology Department of our hospital (January 1, 2017, to June 30, 2019) were retrospectively analyzed. Results. Mortality was the highest in the first month of CVVHD treatment and then decreased obviously. Early mortality was particularly higher in patients aged 60 and above. Age of first hemodialysis, cardio cerebrovascular diseases, serum phosphorus, urea nitrogen, blood calcium, platelet count, lean body mass (LBM), and total cholesterol were significant risk factors for early mortality. Conclusion. The early mortality of patients with severe renal injury during CVVHD treatment was higher.