a b s t r a c tChemical conditioning is one of the most important processes for improve the performance of sludge dewatering device. Aluminum salt coagulant has been widely used in wastewater and sludge treatment. It is generally accepted that pre-formed speciation of aluminum salt coagulants (ASC) has an important influence on coagulation/flocculation performance. In this study, the interaction mechanisms between sludge particles and aluminum salt coagulants with different speciation of hydroxy aluminum were investigated by characterizing the changes in morphological and EPS properties. It was found that middle polymer state aluminum (Al b ) and high polymer state aluminum (Al c ) performed better than monomer aluminum and oligomeric state aluminum (Al a ) in reduction of specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and compressibility of wastewater sludge due to their higher charge neutralization and formed more compact flocs. Sludge was significantly acidified after addition Al a , while pH was much more stable under Al b and Al c conditioning due to their hydrolysis stability. The size of sludge flocs conditioned with Al b and Al c was small but flocs structure was denser and more compact, and floc strength is higher, while that formed from Al a is relatively large, but floc structure was loose, floc strength is relatively lower. Scanning environmental microscope analysis revealed that sludge flocs conditioned by Al b and Al c (especially PAC 2.5 and Al 13 ) exhibited obvious botryoidal structure, this is because sludge flocs formed by Al b and Al c were more compact and floc strength is high, it was easy generated plentiful tiny channels for water release. In addition, polymeric aluminum salt coagulant (Al b , Al c ) had better performance in compressing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) structure and removing sticky protein-like substances from soluble EPS fraction, contributing to improvement of sludge filtration performance. Therefore, this study provides a novel solution for improving sludge dewatering property by controlling aluminum speciation.

SDS-LDH composites were synthesized by coprecipitation. The composites are promising adsorbents for the recovery and abatement of trace-level E2 in secondary effluents of wastewater treatment plants.

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