SUMMARYExtranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is infrequent in the oral cavity and constitutes 3.5% of oral cancers, and less than 2.2% of maxillofacial lymphomas. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for 40% of NHL and has a 5-year survival rate of less than 30%. Early detection of extranodal NHL by dental personnel is extremely important as a delay in diagnosis can result in the cancer being diagnosed at an advanced stage and a poor prognosis. A 60-year-old male presented with an uncharacteristic asymptomatic rapidly enlarging swelling of the anterior maxilla, which on histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis was diagnosed as DLBCL. Imaging studies showed bone invasion and lymph node metastasis with poor prognosis. The patient received radiotherapy and chemotherapy but died within 3 months of diagnosis. A literature search revealed one another case with anterior maxilla occurrence, as the few oral DLBCL so far reported have appeared on the posterior palate or other intraoral sites. BACKGROUND

CD, ND, and NCR showed statistically significant changes in Group II in comparison with Group I, which could indicate larger and earlier risk of carcinoma for Gutka chewers than in BQT chewers.

A 17-year girl reported with painful right lower posterior teeth. Orthopantomogram showed unilocular radiolucency with scalloped non-sclerotic border at apical area of non-carious right mandibular molars and premolar. A provisional radiological diagnosis of ameloblastoma or odontogenic keratocyst was given. Histopathological examination revealed follicular areas of peripheral palisaded hyperchromatic basaloid cells and central round-polygonal clear cells. A diagnosis of clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC)-ameloblastomatous variant was made after assessing the provisional diagnoses. A nosological dilemma arose as many authors opined that the terms 'clear cell ameloblastoma' and 'clear cell odontogenic tumor' should be invalidated and CCOC should be the preferred diagnosis because of the reported aggressive nature of clear cell odontogenic neoplasms. The scientific literature gave variable biological behavior and prognosis with diverse therapeutic approaches leading to therapeutic dilemma in management of the case. The authors have attempted to resolve the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges by presenting the clinical, radiological and histological aspects of the case and discussing the differential diagnoses of clear cell lesions involving the maxillofacial region along with the therapeutic approaches and prognosis of CCOC.

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Scientific articles and newer editions of medical text books show significant misapprehension among authors and scientific fraternities over the correct nosology for diagnosing and reporting vascular anomalies/malformations. This perplex have led to indiscriminate, inappropriate, and interchangeable use of terminologies while describing these vascular lesions, often resulting in incorrect diagnosis, unwarranted investigations, and improper treatment. It is often impossible to determine clinically and histopathologically whether the vascular lesion is a malformation or a neoplasm, with more than 50% of the vascular anomalies being diagnosed and termed incorrectly as hemangioma. With the help of three case reports of simple vascular malformations, each afflicting the capillaries, veins and lymphatics, we attempt to guide the clinicians in adhering to the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification. We anticipate that this case report shall be the framework that helps clinicians and pathologists to avoid misdiagnosis and misreporting of vascular malformations.