Omicron is a newly discovered new variant virus, which spreads rapidly around  Russia and the world and has a great impact. It is designated as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization. Its characteristic of epidemiology, distribution, pathogenic and clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention is still being observed and summarized, and Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection are nonspecific, especially in preterm infants. Since there are few reports on the diagnosis and treatment of children with this infection. This article studies the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of omicron in Russian children, to improve the understanding and attention to the disease.