The prevalence and demographic and clinical correlates of lifetime substance use disorders were examined in a cohort of 325 recently hospitalized psychiatric patients (53% schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder). Alcohol use was the most common type of substance use disorder, followed by cannabis and cocaine use. Univariate analyses indicated that gender (male), age (younger), education (less), history of time in jail, conduct disorder symptoms, and antisocial personality disorder symptoms were predictive of substance use disorders. Lifetime cannabis use disorder was uniquely predicted by marital status (never married) and fewer psychiatric hospitalizations during the previous 6 months. Optimal classification tree analysis, an exploratory, nonlinear method of identifying patient subgroups, was successful in predicting 74 percent to 86 percent of the alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine use disorders. The implications of this method for identifying specific patient subgroups and service needs are discussed.

This paper reports an attempt to differentiate motor units of several types both physiologically and histochemically.The average characteristics of the motor units in the flexor digitorum longus (FDL), flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and soleus muscles of cats with one chronically deafferented hind limb were studied. The average maximal tension per motor unit was calculated to be 14.5 g for FDL, 25.8 g for FHL and 19.7 g for soleus. In general, the average size of the motor units in each muscle increased with the weight of the animal. The total number of motor units to each muscle and the diameters of all efferent nerve fibers were determined in histological cross-sections of the deafferented nerve.The FDL muscle was selected for study of individual units isolated from the ventral roots of 15 cats. The conduction velocities of 108 axons ranged from 71.3 to 114.3 m/sec. These units developed maximal isometric tensions ranging from 0.4 to 100.0 g, with an average of 9.6 g. The frequency distribution of maximal tensions was markedly skewed, with 83 units developing less than 10 g. The twitch tensions of 90 units averaged 0.9 g, with a range of 0.1 to 10.0 g. All units in which no twitch was detected developed Iess than 5 g of maximal tension.

Of 140 women outpatients, 64% reported a history of sexual or physical abuse, or both. Symptom checklist scores at the first interview were significantly higher among those reporting a history of recent or childhood abuse than among those reporting no abuse. Implications for further research are discussed.

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