Early recognition and prompt reduction of the dislocated ankle is important in case of Bosworth fracture dislocation in order to prevent late complication. Closed reduction of dislocated ankle is usually not helpful and repeated attempts may be harmful. Emergency operation of open reduction and internal fixation is usually required to reduce the ankle joint without delay.

SummaryBackground: there is need to ascertain clinical and imaging outcomes after posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) augmentation. Methods: we performed a retrospective analysis of clinical, imaging and functional data on 21 physically active males who underwent arthroscopic trans-tibial augmentation of the PCL for symptomatic grade III PCL insufficiency. The average follow-up time was 50 months (24-60 months). The Lysholm knee score was administered to all the patients, ligament laxity was evaluated with the posterior drawer test, the KT-1000 arthrometer, and the anteromedial tibial step-off. Standing antero-posterior, lateral and Merchant's view radiographs were taken preoperatively and at annual follow-up. Results: post-operatively, ligament laxity and Lysholm knee scores were significantly improved than at baseline. Sixteen patients (73%) returned to pre-injury sport activity level, 3 patients (14%) returned to a lower level, 2 had to stop. We found radiographic degenerative changes in 5 of 22 affected knees (23%), with evidence of a statistically significant association between the occurrence of degenerative changes and the interval time from injury to surgery and duration of the follow up. Conclusions: arthroscopic transtibial single bundle autograft hamstring augmentation significantly improves the function of the knee, with an overall satisfactory outcome of 82% at 2-5 years from surgery.

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