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Any business activities may have impact on environmental to a certain extent. Enterprises must find appropriate approaches to measure the impact on these environmental aspects, which can be used as the basis to direct enterprises’ efforts to improve the environmental impact. The method used to evaluate significant factors in life cycle assessment standards is the one most commonly used by enterprises in general to measure environmental impact. By this method, the decisive factors of each environmental aspect are given scores according to the preset scoring standard of the organizaion. The scores are added up for each aspect and ranked to assess major environmental apsects. The drawback of this assessment method, that is, it ignores the degree to which each of these factors affects the environment, results in poor credibility. Therefore, this study attempts to solve some qualitative problems by applying to fuzzy theory, in particular, by identifying appropriate fuzzy numbers through fuzzy sets and membership function. Moreover, the study seeks to obtain a crisp value in the process of defuzzifization in order to make up for the shortfall of the original method in dealing with relative weight of decisive factors and thus increase its applicability and credibility. The department of light production of an electronics company is used as an example in this study to measure environmental aspects by employing both the traditional significant factor method and the fuzzy environmental impact assessment model proposed in this study. Based on verification and comparison of results, the model proposed in this study is more feasible as it reduces partiality in decision‐making by taking the relative weights of decisive factors into consideration.

This research probes into the execution of small and medium‐sized enterprises’ value creativities by a difference analysis with different classifications, different capital, different turnover, different employees, and different established years. This study develop a questionnaire about value creativity with five dimensions and thirty‐five items according to “Valuation” by McKinsey and Company, Inc. and Copeland et al., such as: “Aspiration and target,” “Portfolio management,” “Organization design,” “Process management,” and “Business and individual performance management.” The results are as follows: (1) Most small and medium‐ sized enterprises (SMEs) have executed value creativities; (2) There is a difference in the execution of value creativities between the livelihood industry and the chemical industry; the execution of value creativities by livelihood industry is better than the chemical industry; (3) For value creativities of the execution of different capital and turnover for SMEs, bigger entities are better than smaller ones; (4) For the value creativities of the execution of different numbers of staff in SMEs, those with more staff are better than those with fewer staff; (5) For the value creativities of the execution of different established years for SMEs, those established longer are better than those established shorter.

Web-based surveys are frequently applied in clinical research. In this study, hospital patients were requested to complete web-based and traditional hand written questionnaires. The t test and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to compare the results of the web-based and traditional hand written questionnaires. The survey results of 81 participants showed no significant score differences between the web-based and traditional hand written questionnaires.The 81 participants did not show any preference for either web-based or pencil-and-paper based surveys, and the statistical results showed no significant difference between the two types of survey. Therefore, this study suggested using webbased questionnaires instead of pencil-and-paper based questionnaires, because using web-based questionnaires can decrease doctor consultation time, reduce labor costs, provide patients with remote self-assessment services prior to a clinic visit and adequately collect questionnaires to enhance research capability. Furthermore, this type of questionnaire survey enables patients to answer personal questions honestly.Keywords: Incontinence impact questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7), Pelvic organ prolapse/urinary incontinence sexual function questionnaire-12 (PISQ-12), Pencil-and-paper questionnaire, Urinary distress inventory-6 (UDI-6), Urinary incontinence, Web-based questionnaire.