The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the prevalence of myopia in Taiwanese schoolchildren over the past few decades and to analyze the risk factors for myopia.Design: Analysis of 8 consecutive population-based myopia surveys conducted from 1983 through 2017.Participants: An average of 8917 (5019e11 656) schoolchildren 3 to 18 years of age were selected using stratified systematic cluster sampling or by probability proportional to size sampling.Methods: All participants underwent complete ophthalmic evaluations. Three drops of 0.5% tropicamide were used to obtain the cycloplegic refractive status of each participant. Questionnaires were used to acquire participant data from the 1995, 2005, 2010, and 2016 surveys.Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalence of À0.25 diopter [D]) and high myopia ( À6.0 D) was assessed. Multivariate analyses of risk factors were conducted.Results: The prevalence of myopia among all age groups increased steadily. From 1983 through 2017, the weighted prevalence increased from 5.37% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.50%e7.23%) to 25.41% (95% CI, 21.27%e29.55%) for 7-year-olds (P ¼ 0.001 for trend) and from 30.66% (95% CI, 26.89%e34.43%) to 76.67% (95% CI, 72.94%e80.40%) for 12-year-olds (P ¼ 0.001 for trend). The prevalence of high myopia also increased from 1.39% (95% CI, 0.43%e2.35%) to 4.26% (95% CI, 3.35%e5.17%) for 12-year-olds (P ¼ 0.008 for trend) and from 4.37% (95% CI, 2.91%e5.82%) to 15.36% (95% CI, 13.78%e16.94%) for 15-year-olds (P ¼ 0.039 for trend). In both the 2005 and 2016 survey samples, children who spent less than 180 minutes daily on near-work activities showed significantly lower risks for myopia developing (<60 minutes: odds ratio [OR], 0.48 and 0.56; 60e180 minutes: OR, 0.69 and 0.67). In the 2016 survey, spending more than 60 minutes daily on electronic devices was associated significantly with both myopia and high myopia (OR, 2.43 and 2.31).Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia among schoolchildren increased rapidly from 1983 through 2017 in Taiwan. The major risk factors are older age and time spent on near-work activities. Use of electronic devices increased the amount of time spent on near-work and may increase the risk of developing myopia.

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Continuous topical 2% ganciclovir and a topical steroid adjusted by anterior inflammation are suggested after penetrating keratoplasty in all cases with cytomegalovirus endotheliitis to prevent cytomegalovirus recurrence.