Improvement in livelihood capitals of vulnerable women farmers has been a concern in the developing countries. Governments around the world particularly in the developing countries try various policies and models to enhance the productivity of these vulnerable women farmers, they do this to protect them against shocks and loses considering that rural food production contribute significantly to national food security. Such is the case in Nigeria, where Adopted Village Model (AVM) was initiated in 2009. The objective of the study includes but not limited to protect, improve and sustain food production in Nigeria through capacitating the rural women rice farmers. AVM was initiated and women farmers where provided information, farm equipment, training, seedlings and subsidized fertilizers. Structured questionnaires and interviews were the basic instruments applied in the data collection. The methodology was guided by sustainable livelihood framework theories. Structured questionnaire was used to extract desired information from the women farmers. The data was analysed with spss version 25, interpreted and presented for public consumption. The study found that AVM was introduced to the women farmers at the right time when yield and livelihood capitals of the rice women farmers where very low.Keywords: Livelihood; Rice; Women farmers; Model; Agriculture

Youth unemployment and the quest for empowerment have led to a growing surge in youth volunteerism in South Africa. The objective of this paper is consequently to examine how youth volunteer activities (YVAs) have offered opportunities and created an enabling development environment for young men and women to be employable, thereby improving their qualityof life. To be able to achieve this objective, the researchers used quantitative methodologies to generate data for analysis. The researchers relied on secondary information from Statistics South Africa’s (StatsSA) database. The study found that the youth volunteer rate has increased over the past decade by 2.1 percentage points from 3.7% to 5.8%. It also found that youthvolunteerism has become a way of life and a route to fulltime employment that assured them and improved their quality of life.

Post-colonial agricultural initiatives, programmes and models in Nigeria are aimed at empowering rural farmers to better yields and productivity while creating employment at community level. It necessitates food security, quality domestic food production and improvement in general welfare and livelihood and the farmers. The post-colonial era in Nigeria has witnessed numerous agricultural programmes. Example includes but not the least, the National Accelerated Food Production Project (NAFPP) 1972, Agricultural Development Projects, ADPs 1975, the Accelerated Development Area Project ADAP 1982, and the Multi-state Agricultural Development Projects MSADP 1986. The application of PEA in AVM ensures that positive outcomes and productions are expected through increase in farmers' awareness of modern technologies and practices. AVM is a multidisciplinary and multidimensional approach to improve the livelihood of rice farmers. Structured questionnaire and face to face interview were used to collect the data and SPSS was used to analyse the data. Human livelihood capital is characterized as a two-way thing, that is, it is concerned with both environmental influence on human life and human influences on the environment, focusing on the nature and quality of the relationship that exists between human communities and the ecosystem and how the environment provides the resource base for human existence. AVM prompted a shift from the usual way of financing farm projects to government involvement and providing farmers with information on how to secure loans, credit and financial incentives. Therefore, the study conclude that the introduction and adoption of AVM brought about substantial changes to the farmers livelihood capitals.