The near-infrared thermally activated delayed fluorescence (NIR-TADF) materials with emission over 700 nm were insufficiently investigated mainly due to the limited choice of strong donor/acceptor units for the molecular construction...

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Electrical contacts made of conducting channels with external circuitry significantly impact electronic performances, in particular for two-dimensional semiconductors. This work presents a systematic study of back-to-back Schottky contacts to a layered compound of semiconducting flakes through static and dynamic electrical measurements and the first demonstration of Schottky barrier-dominated, p-type PbSnS2 field-effect transistors. In the static analysis, the Schottky barrier height of the layered transistors can be modulated by applied electrostatic fields, while the contact-dominated fluctuations render to the 1/f electric noise and induce a normalized noise amplitude in the order of 10−9–10−8. Such an ultralow-noise amplitude, which is never observed in other layered semiconducting transistors, is ascribed to the existence of Schottky barriers. Our experimental results provide a nuanced perspective for advancing the understanding of performance limit with increasing numbers of layers for electronic development.

Objective.To evaluate the role of cytomegaloviral or Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (CMV/PJP) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with pulmonary hemorrhage (PH).Methods.We retrospectively examined hospital records for 27 SLE patients with PH who received bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analyses. Clinical profile and mortality rates were compared between groups with and without CMV/PJP. Risk factors for PH-related mortality were analyzed.Results.Among 27 SLE patients with PH, 15 had pathogens from BALF samples, and 8 had CMV/PJP. Although CMV/PJP was treated, the RR for 90- and 180-day mortality rates of SLE patients with CMV/PJP were higher than those without these infections (5.94, 95% CI 1.44–24.48; 7.13, 95% CI 1.81–28.06, respectively). Risk factors for 90- and 180-day mortality were presence of CMV/PJP (OR 14.2, 95% CI 1.83–109.9; OR 25.5, 95% CI 2.91–223.3, respectively) and use of pulse methylprednisolone for PH treatment (OR 12.0, 95% CI 1.48–97.2; OR 8.5, 95% CI 1.13–63.9, respectively). Factors increasing the 90-day mortality rate were duration of mechanical ventilation exceeding 14 days (OR 11.1, 95% CI 1.11–112.0) and use of aggressive immunosuppression close to PH onset (OR 7.56, 95% CI 1.09–52.4). Three of the 7 patients receiving aggressive immunosuppression died with the presence of CMV/PJP.Conclusion.Owing to the high prevalence of CMV/PJP and its association with mortality, routine BALF analysis is recommended for all suitable SLE patients with PH. Use of aggressive immunosuppression does not benefit SLE patients with opportunistic infections during PH attack.

Background: The postoperative bleeding complications associated with laser surgery of the prostate and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were compared. Methods: We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to conduct an observational population-based cohort study. All eligible patients who received transurethral procedures between January 2015 and September 2018 were enrolled. Patients who received laser surgery or TURP were matched at a ratio of 1:1 by using propensity score matching, and the association of these procedures with bleeding events was evaluated. Results: A total of 3302 patients who underwent elective transurethral procedures were included. The multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that diode laser enucleation of the prostate (DiLEP) resulted in significantly higher emergency room risks within 90 days after surgery due to clot retention than the Monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (M-TURP) (Hazard Ratio: 1.52; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.06–2.16, p = 0.022). Moreover, GreenLight photovaporization of the prostate (PVP) (0.61; 95% CI, 0.38–1.00 p = 0.050) and thulium laser vaporesection of the prostate (ThuVARP) (0.67; 95% CI, 0.47–0.95, p = 0.024) resulted in significantly fewer rehospitalization due to clot retention than did M-TURP. No significant increase in blood clots were observed in patients using comedications and those with different demographic characteristics and comorbidities. Conclusions: Among the investigated six transurethral procedures for Benign prostatic hyperplasia, PVP and ThuVARP were safer than M-TURP because bleeding events and clot retention were less likely to occur, even in patients receiving anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. However, DiLEP and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) did not result in fewer bleeding events than M-TURP.