Studies about population immobility, especially immobility associated with climate change-related disaster, are very limited. As a consequence, the explanation of population immobility in disaster prone areas is still blurred. This study contributes in explaining population immobility by exploring the typology of residents who did not move from disaster-prone areas. The survey was conducted towards the residents of Kampung Tambak Lorok Semarang, which is prone to three disasters simultaneously i.e. sea level rise, land subsidence, and tidal inundation. The study sample was 235 heads of households selected using proportional sampling area technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of two parts: (1) demographic, social, and economic characteristics of people who did not move from disaster prone areas; and (2) staying intention in disaster prone areas. Data analysis used descriptive analysis by using table and graph of respondent characteristic and relation between respondent characteristic and staying intention in research area. Three (3) typologies have been identified, namely: Type-1 are residents who wishes to stay; Type-2 are residents who still have not decided whether to stay or move; and Type-3 are residents who do not want to stay/want to move. Each of these typologies is described by place of birth, age, length of stay, education, occupation, and income. The understanding of the typology of residents living in disaster prone areas is important as inputs for policy-makers, especially regarding the relocation of people from disaster prone areas to be effective. The results of this study also contribute empirical evidence to the migration theory debate at the micro level, namely that the staying intention is a key element in the 'black box' of immobile decision-making from disaster prone areas.

Though those who stay put in climate change hazard-prone areas are an intriguing subject of research, only a small number of empirical works specifically targeted these populations. Hence, the drivers of immobility in disaster-prone areas remain understudied and inadequately theorized. In response to these gaps, this contribution locates environmental immobility. The study aims to construct a theoretical model and examine the model through the evidence from the fishing community on the coast of Semarang, one of the areas most severely affected by tidal inundation in Semarang, namely Kampong Tambak Lorok. Using the study of in-depth substantial interviews from 24 participants, we use the grounded theory method to construct a theoretical model. The findings show that the grounded theory’s coding process generated 18 initial concepts, eight main categories, and four core categories. It explores some of the reasons why populations continue to stay, even in the face of environmental degradation. There were two following conclusions: (1) Populations who stay put in disaster-prone areas are held by place attachment, family ties, social ties, and occupational ties. (2) Migration hold factors generate immobility by resisting the forces of migration push factor. The study meaningfully incorporates the migration hold factors as one of the drivers of immobility and enhances the field of environmental immobility theory, migration theory, and environmental migration research. Besides, some policy suggestions are provided as a result of the research findings. For future study, this research also offers a reference for exploring theoretical models of migration hold factors in other regions and countries with different environmental degradation settings.

Since people living in a karst area periodically face a crisis due to a lack of fresh water, it is necessary to re-evaluate the ability to use water resources. An appropriate and effective management is required to use available water resource sustainably. We describe a management process of exploring underground river in karst region as water resources. The activities completed included four phases, namely exploration, pre-lifting activities, the water lifting and post-lifting activities. The exploration phase included speleological surveys and data collection for the cave mouth using remote sensing instrument. The pre-lifting was done to prepare various requirements before the lifting process was completed. The water lifting phase consisted of the construction of an underground river dam, the installation of submersible pumps, the construction of reservoirs and the installation of piping to connect to the public hydrant. The post-lifting phase was mainly conducted to organise water distribution evenly. This management model was evidenced to successfully overcome drought in Pucung village by providing fresh water to the local community. Moreover, this model promoted residents’ cost savings by reducing their expenses for buying water from IDR 50,000/m3 to IDR 3,500/m3 (1,300 percent).

Perilaku belanja sebagian besar masyarakat terus meningkat. Kenyamanan dan kepraktisan mampu membuat masyarakat memilih minimarket sebagai tempat pusat perbelanjaan. Minimarket merupakan pasar swalayan dengan ukuran antara 300-500 m2 dengan jumlah item barang yang dijual cukup besar dan menerapkan system pengambilan barang sendiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pola spasial lokasi minimarket dan menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi lokasi persebaran minimarket melalui variabel demografi dan jangkauan pelayanan minimarket di Kabupaten Klaten. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga metode yakni observasi lapangan, observasi data sekunder dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini digunakan teknik analisis tetangga terdekat (ANN) dengan bantuan aplikasi Arc GIS 10,3. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah pola spasial sebaran lokasi minimarket di Kabupaten Klaten adalah mengelompok. Adapun faktor pemilihan lokasi dilihat dari segi demografis dan jangkauan pelayanan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pembangunan minimarket yang jaraknya berdekatan satu sama lain menyebabkan pola sebaran minimarket mengelompok (clustered). Faktor pemilihan lokasi minimarket dipengaruhi oleh variabel demografi dan jangkauan pelayanan. Faktor demografi yaitu semakin padat penduduknya maka peluang pembangunan minimarket semakin besar. Faktor jangkauan pelayanan belum mampu melayani daerah Kabupaten Klaten dengan radius 300 meter per unit minimarket.

<p><br />The aim of this study is to determine the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on profitability and value creation by adding Good Corporate Governance (GCG) as mediating variable. Measurement of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) using the Kinder Lydenburg Domini (KLD) Social Ratings Data or Clarkson's (1995) RDAP Scale which is an indicator of assessment focused on stakeholders including environmental dimensions, dimensions of product quality , community relations dimensions, dimensions of diversity, as well as the dimensions of employee relations. Measurement of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) uses the Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI). Profitability is proxied by Return of Assets (ROA) while value creation is proxied by Economic Value Added (EVA). The study was conducted on companies that consistently received awards as Indonesia Most Trusted Companies in 2018 and 2019 by the Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance (IICG) and were published in SWA Magazine. Using the purposive sampling method, a sample of 25 companies with a total of 50 annual reports, financial reports and sustainability reports was obtained. The results showed that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) had a positive and significant effect on profitability, but did not affect the value creation and Good Corporate Governance (GCG) were not able to mediate the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on profitability but were able to mediate the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR) towards value creation.</p>