The corrosion inhibition effect and mechanism of rhamnolipid (RL) were studied for X65 steel in oilfield‐produced water saturated with CO2 using the weight loss method, electrochemical measurements, surface analysis, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and quantum chemical calculations. The results prove that RL is an excellent inhibitor against CO2 corrosion and predominantly inhibits the anodic corrosion reaction of X65 steel. The inhibition performance of RL is connected with surface activity and molecular structure. RL adsorbs on the metal surface by the reactivity centers to form a protective film, and the film has good inhibition ability for X65 steel for up to 168 h.

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