Nanotechnology, an indispensable branch of technology is presently being used in many specific technologically advanced domains. Technology can offer possibilities far beyond previously known limits, which means a debate between hope and anonymity. The potential of nanotechnology to harvest its strategic advantages or cause a disaster depends on a nation’s level of preparedness. The integration of nano-materials and nanodevices into the defence systems is aimed at improving their performance in terms of defensive and/or offensive capabilities, individual safety, and reliability of systems/ subsystems. Major military powers around the world have been working diligently to improve their understanding of this emerging technology area. The earliest developments in this area involved the production of organic explosives in the form of fine powders with a particle distribution from the submicron to nano-meter range. The challenge ahead is to move from powder to integration of energy nanomaterials into the production system. According to the published literature, the subject studies are in the early stage on this specific domain, wherein numerous techniques are recently reported for making products from nano-thermites. This chapter is aimed to discusses various means and ways to protect the population from attack and to prevent industrial accidents, disaster management and also the potential applications of nanotechnology in warfare.