Based on expert group work, Swedish recommendations for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults are here updated. The management of sepsis-induced hypotension is addressed in detail, including monitoring and parenteral therapy. The importance of respiratory support in cases of acute respiratory failure is emphasized. Treatment with high-flow oxygen and non-invasive ventilation is recommended. The use of statins or steroids in general therapy is not found to be fully supported by evidence. In the management of pleural infection, new data show favourable effects of tissue plasminogen activator and deoxyribonuclease installation. Detailed recommendations for the vaccination of risk groups are afforded.

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In our cohort there was a highly significant difference in disease progression and death from AIDS between homo-/bisexual men and IDU. This difference was proposed to be due to the transmission route determining the initial immune response and suggested that this route may have played a more important role than virus variability of the subsequent prognosis.

The very high prevalence of chronic HCV in PWID in Stockholm indicates that both measures for prevention with increased awareness of HCV, and a higher antiviral treatment utilisation in combination need to be implemented in order to reduce the HCV prevalence and combat the HCV epidemic.