According to the Robert Koch Institute, the estimated HIV prevalence in Germany is 86 100. On-third of the affected persons is over 50 years old. Overall, the prognosis of patients with HIV infection depends crucially on the time of diagnosis. The unfounded stigmatization of affected patients stands in the way of today's treatment options as it did 30 years ago. Every practice of primary care must also take into consideration the medical care of HIV-infected people. The purpose of this article is to make the general practitioner aware of this topic and to prepare for the necessary procedure in everyday practice in this rare but not unlikely situation.
Introduction: Preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is central to containing the HIV pandemic. For pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP), drugs approved in Germany are available. Basic information on this should be obtained from physicians in further training to become specialists in General Practice (GP) since they may have to deal with this topic of high relevance for the health of patients at risk and also the physicians’ health after a possible exposure in the professional context. Methodology: A multiple-choice questionnaire was handed out to doctors in further training in General Practice on seminar days of the Competence Centre for General Practice Saxony-Anhalt for an immediate answer. Results: Of the 109 doctors, 73 completed the questionnaire. A general high relevance of the topic HIV was stated by 95%. In contrast, 71% said it was relevant for family doctor activities. The knowledge questions on the prevalence were answered correctly for all questions with less than 40%; 21% stated that they knew the indication prerequisite for a PEP; 49% answered the question about the period of the highest efficacy of PEP correctly. PrEP as a drug option for prophylaxis is known to a part of the respondents, 79% would prescribe PrEP, 69% were in favour of a health insurance benefit. Discussion: The results show that the necessary basic knowledge about HIV is partly available. Basic knowledge on structured action in the fields of HIV testing, PEP and PrEP should be taught in a manner appropriate to the relevance of the topic in the context of the German general practice setting. Even a basic knowledge about PEP may help to ensure that the general practice teams receive proper measures after a possible exposition.
Zusammenfassung Einleitung Die HIV-PrEP (HIV-Prä-Expositionsprophylaxe) ist seit 2017 über deutsche Apotheken in unterschiedlichen Abpackungen erhältlich. Sie ist entweder als tägliche Einnahme oder als intermittierende, anlassbezogene Einnahme anwendbar. Fragestellung Es sollten soziodemografische Basischarakteristika, die Vorgeschichte hinsichtlich STIs (sexual transmitted infections), der früheren PEP-Einnahme, das Schema der PrEP-Einnahme, die erfolgte Vordiagnostik sowie die Beratung zur PrEP-Einnahme und Angaben zur Weitergabe von PrEP erfasst werden. Methodik Es wurde eine Querschnittsanalyse in Form eines revidierten, selbstentwickelten Multiple-Choice-Fragebogens bei 515 Nutzern im Netzwerk HIV-kompetenter Apotheken durchgeführt. Ergebnisse Die ausschließlich männlichen Teilnehmer befinden sich zu 3/4 in der Altersgruppe 20–39 Jahre. Über 80% der Nutzer wenden die PrEP gemäß Zulassung an. Etwa 2/3 hatten in früheren Jahren eine PEP (Post-Expositionsprophylaxe) erhalten. Die gleiche Anzahl hatte in früheren Jahren mindestens eine STI. Die notwendige Vordiagnostik wurde überwiegend durchgeführt. Die PrEP wird von 7% an andere Anwender weitergegeben. Schlussfolgerung Die Mehrheit (etwa 2/3) der PrEP Nutzer sind Hochrisiko-Anwender bezogen auf vorherige STIs (sexual transmitted infections) oder frühere PEP-Anwendung), der überwiegende Anteil nutzt die PrEP zulassungsgemäß. Der Stellenwert der PrEP wird in der Zukunft durch einfachere Verordnungsfähigkeit und breitere Anwendung weiter wachsen.
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