Image guidance can be applied easily and efficiently to TCD. It provides anatomic orientation and may help to standardize investigation protocols, define pathological vascular territories for repeat investigations, and thus reduce interinvestigator variations. Image guidance may also extend the use of TCD to situations of a pathological or variant vascular anatomy.

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Data suggest that image-guided TCD allows for accurate examinations with high intraprocedural and high interprocedural reproducibility. It facilitates identification of specific vessel segments and generation of standardized examination protocols for serial examinations.

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