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Further aspects of resource efficiency 4 The Environmental Technology Roadmap and how it relates to resource efficiency 45 Background to the roadmap study 46 Trends in the lead market for circular economy that relate to resource efficiency 48 Category C: Waste recycling 49 Category B: Waste collection, transport and separation 50 Category Ü: General trends 50 Trends in the lead market for water that relate to resource efficiency 51 Category A: Wastewater treatment 52 Category Ü: General trends in water treatment 53 Trends in the lead market for air that relate to resource efficiency 54 Category A: Exhaust air purification and measurement 55 Category Ü: General trends 55 Future prospects 57 5 Lean production and resource efficiency 58

Sustainable consumption is an urgent issue regarding the rising global environmental pressures. Consequently, sustainable consumption is an important matter for more and more consumers in Germany. But the perception that sustainable consumer goods incur additional costs is a widely mentioned barrier. We have developed a statistical method based on the Laspeyres price index and the product descriptions of the Purchasing Power Parities (PPP) in order to examine the additional costs of organic food products compared to conventional food products. These costs depend on the households' expenditure structure, so called weighting scheme. Based on Engel´s law, we predict a negative correlation between net equivalent income and the additional costs for organic food products. We verify and quantify this relationship by using income-related weighting schemes. The results show that organic food products are about 80 % more expensive than conventional food products. Furthermore, we find that households cannot afford to purchase solely organic food products without getting into debt when their net equivalent income is below median.

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