Kurzfassung Bestehende Fabrikplanungsprozesse basieren auf klassischen Projektmanagementkonzepten, die von einem sequentiellen Planungsvorgehen ausgehen. Durch die Dynamik im Projektumfeld stoßen diese Ansätze allerdings häufig an ihre Grenzen. Aus anderen Bereichen, zum Beispiel der Softwareentwicklung, sind neue Konzepte bekannt, die versuchen, der Dynamik im Projekt besser Rechnung zu tragen. In der in diesem Beitrag beschriebenen Studie wurden Experten aus dem Bereich Fabrikplanung hinsichtlich der Einsatzpotenziale und Bedarfe neuer Projektmanagementansätze befragt.

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Kurzfassung Kürzere Produktlebenszyklen sowie die zunehmende Variantenvielfalt durch Individualisierung der Kundenwünsche führen zu einer häufigeren Integration von neuen Produkten in die Produktion. Hieraus ergibt sich unter anderem die Notwendigkeit zur Anpassung der bestehenden Fabrikstruktur. Die dafür erforderliche Strukturplanung basiert bislang auf einem kreativen Prozess, der die Zielkonformität der entwickelten Strukturen nur mit Hilfe einer rein qualitativen Bewertung sicherstellen kann. In diesem Beitrag wird daher eine Merkmalssystematik vorgestellt, die einen ersten Ansatz zur methodischen Unterstützung der Strukturplanung darstellt.

Purpose and problem. Today, business organisations are facing turbulent markets that are characterised by an increasing individualisation of products and customer specifications. This desire for individualisation leads to a growing number of complex tasks to fulfil requirements. Those tasks require very different competencies that exceed the competencies and the knowledge of a single person. As a result, many people within the company have to work together to meet the requirements of the market and the customer and to be able to react fast on changes. For that to happen, the employees need to exchange a lot of information efficiently. Additionally the need to communicate effectively increases while working together, so there has to be an environment that supports efficient and effective communication processes.

In this article you find the results of the research project "Modelling and design of dynamic business and communication processes in the factory” which is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The main result is a methodology for the identification and improvement of communication in factories, which consists of the three models: descriptive model, evaluation model, procedure model. The descriptive model is based on the method of matrix modelling and enables the depiction of communication structures. The evaluation model is conductive to the assessment of communication circumstances in the factory and the procedure model explains the course of action necessary for the practical use of the descriptive and evaluation model. According to the developed methodology the three models were implemented in an EXCEL-based software-tool which enables the practical use of the methodology. The software-tool provides a possibility to not only describe the communication structure of factories, but also to identify communication processes necessary to run the factory. Moreover it is possible to detect inadequacies of communication circumstances and derive measures to adjust them appropriately. In the following article the methodology and the software-tool are described in detail. For an optimal comprehension of the methodology each of the three models is detailed. In order to obtain an idea of how the software-tool works and how it looks like, its three components are explained.