No abstract

Background Personal construct Theory (PCP) may provide a way for people who are violent and have schizophrenia to understand and modify their behaviour. The ability to reconstrue personal relationships may lead to greater acceptance of perceived or real stresses and increased tolerance. Method A year‐long pilot study tested the feasibility of PCP‐oriented psychotherapy amongst long‐term male residents with schizophrenia in Broadmoor Hospital, all of whom had committed violent acts. A matched group completed the same instruments, but did not receive group psychotherapy. Six of the eight subjects from the index group completed the therapy, but instrument compliance varied. Results for group data cannot be presented, but an individual case report is offered, demonstrating the changes in construing that occurred over the year. These included elaboration accompanied by changes in mood, and the formation of a more appropriate construct system for managing personal relationships. Conclusions The model for therapy is feasible within a secure environment, although there are ethical issues. The evaluation of outcome requires substantial modification, and the issue of subject cooperation needs further attention. The pilot does, however, suggest that such work is then worth more substantial study, including randomization between treatment and non‐treatment groups. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.

Reactions of 2,6-dibromo-, 3,5-dibromo-, and 2,4,6-tribromopyridine with IZnCH(2)CH(2)R(f8) (R(f8) = (CF(2))(7)CF(3)) in THF at 65 degrees C in the presence of trans-Cl(2)Pd(PPh(3))(2) (5 mol %) gave the fluorous pyridines 2,6- and 3,5-NC(5)H(3)(CH(2)CH(2)R(f8))(2) (1 and 2; 85%, 31%) and 2,4,6-NC(5)H(2)(CH(2)CH(2)R(f8))(3) (3, 61%). Reaction of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde with [Ph(3)PCH(2)CH(2)R(f8)](+)I(-)/K(2)CO(3) (p-dioxane/H(2)O, 95 degrees C) gave 2,6-NC(5)H(3)(CH[double bond]CHCH(2)R(f8))(2) (95%; 70:30 ZZ/ZE), which was treated with H(2) (1 atm, 12 h) and 10% Pd/C to yield 2,6-NC(5)H(3)(CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)R(f8))(2) (5, 95%), a higher homologue of 1. Longer reaction times afforded piperidine cis-2,6-HNC(5)H(8)(CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)R(f8))(2) (6, 98%). The stereochemistry was established by NMR analysis of the N-benzylpiperidine. Pyridines 1-3 and 5 are low-melting white solids with CF(3)C(6)F(11)/toluene partition coefficients (24 degrees C) of 93.8:6.2, 93.9:6.1, >99.7:<0.3, and 90.4:9.6, respectively (6, 93.6:6.4). Reaction of 1 and CF(3)SO(3)H gave a pyridinium salt, and Cl(2)Pd(NCCH(3))(2) (0.5 equiv) yielded trans-Cl(2)Pd(1)(2). The crystal structure of the former, which also exhibited liquid crystalline and ionic liquid phases, was determined.

[reaction: see text] The fluorous Schiff base p-Rf8(CH2)3C6H4C(=N(CH2)3Rf8)(CH2)2Rf8 (Rf8 = n-C8F17) is prepared in six steps from p-iodobenzaldehyde and then cyclopalladated (Pd(OAc)2) to give highly effective catalyst precursors for Heck reactions, conducted under homogeneous conditions (DMF, 80-140 degrees C, turnover numbers >10(6)) in the absence of fluorous solvents. Rate, recycling, and other data suggest that the palladacycles serve as sources of palladium nanoparticles, which are the dominant active catalysts.