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Of 212 calcaneal fractures, 182 were treated with this technique. Wound healing complication rate was 2.7%; 4.7% of patients required secondary arthrodesis of the subtalar joint.

Abstract. This paper presents the results of the research project BurnCase in the field of realistic and anatomically correct deformations of 3D models of the human body. The project goal is to develop a software system named BurnCase 3D, which supports and enhances the documentation and diagnosis of human burn injuries. The medical treatment of burn victims strongly depends on size, depth, degree and location of the burnt skin. The size of the affected region is usually expressed as a percentage of the total body surface area (TBSA). Standardized 2D charts (e.g. Lund and Browder, Rule-Of-Nines, etc.) help to determine the percentage of the burnt surface area in relation to the total body surface area. However, body proportions highly influence the distribution of body surface area along the body [Livingston and Lee, 2000]. Thus, standard charts can only give rough approximations of the burnt surface area compared to the real size of an injury on a specific patient. The software system BurnCase 3D will enhance this commonly applied 2D approximation process by introducing a 3D model of the patient's body. This 3D model provides a higher accordance to the real patient's surface area than any 2D chart does and allows determining the burnt surface areas more exactly. BurnCase 3D is based on an extendable library of currently 7 standard models representing different sex, age and body shape. In order to meet the physical constitution of the real patient, the best fitting model is chosen and has to be adapted according to the patient's height and weight. There exist several possibilities of adapting a 3D model to these parameters. This paper describes the three methods of body adaptations that are realized in the software system BurnCase 3D based on the thesis of Doris Siegl ( [Siegl, 2003]).

Background A fracture of the calcaneus can be a painful and disabling injury. Treatment modalities may be conservative or operative. Surgical treatment strategies include open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) techniques, as well as a variety of minimally invasive methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment options and post-treatment complication rates for intra-articular calcaneal fractures at the Traumacenter Linz over a 9-year period. Methods All patients with calcaneal fractures treated at the Traumacenter Linz between 2007 and 2015 were included in this study. The patients records were retrospectively reviewed, and the data, including demographic parameters, cause of injury, and the time between injury and operative treatment were analyzed. The number of secondary operative interventions due to soft-tissue complications, hardware removal, and the long-term arthrodesis rate were evaluated. Results A minimally invasive 2-point-distractor method was used in 85.8% (n = 182) of all operatively managed calcaneal fractures (n = 212) in our department. The majority of the operations (88.7%) were performed within 2 days after the accident. The secondary operation rate resulting from wound complications was 2.7% in the 2-point distractor group and 16.7% in the ORIF group. A secondary arthrodesis was performed in 4.7% (n = 9) of the subtalar joints in the entire study population. Conclusions Our data supported the assumption that severe wound complications would be less likely to occur after minimally invasive treatment compared to ORIF treatment. The rate of secondary arthrodesis in the study cohort was comparable to that in the literature. Level of evidence IV