Nocturnal symptoms are commonly experienced by individuals who report frequent GERD symptoms. In addition, HRQL is significantly impaired in those persons who report frequent GERD symptoms, and HRQL impairment is exacerbated in those who report nocturnal GERD symptoms.

Constipation is a heterogeneous condition. Differences in epidemiological profile by age, sex ratio, and relation to other sociodemographical factors support the distinction of two and possibly more symptom-based subtypes.

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Results suggest that patients with symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis experience notable HRQOL impairment and that symptomatic relief with domperidone is accompanied by improvements in HRQOL that can be sustained over 4 weeks of treatment.

Internal consistency was >0.80 for the symptom severity and distress scales. All three scales showed stability over two weeks (ICC >0.70). Both validity hypotheses were supported. Comparison of effect sizes showed the GSAS is sensitive to changes in severity of symptoms. In conclusion, the GSAS is a reliable, valid, and responsive measure of GERD symptoms.