Shear-wave elastography is reproducible for assessment of the SSP muscle. Mean normal SSP SWV is 3.0 m/sec ± 0.5. SWV decreases with increasing fat content (Goutallier stage 0-III) and increases in the final stage of fatty infiltration (Goutallier stage IV).

Measurements of the CSA on anterior-posterior radiographs and CT scans are highly correlated, and inter-modality differences are negligible.

Based on the findings in this study, an MPE greater than 5 mm could be considered a predictive factor in the presence of hallux rigidus. However, the mechanism of MPE has yet to be determined.

T1-weighted signal intensity changes in the plantar fascia, soft-tissue edema superficial to the plantar fascia, and calcaneal spurs are common findings in asymptomatic volunteers and should be used with caution in the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis. Increased signal intensity within the plantar fascia with fluid-sensitive sequences is uncommon in asymptomatic volunteers.

While FD measurements were superior to offset measurements and showed similar results to the alpha angle, neither FD nor offset measurements are a reliable tool for discrimination between FAI patients with cam-type deformities and asymptomatic volunteers.