The development of the late-phase
manufacturing process of the
drug candidate ZPL389 and the strategies for the control of impurities
are outlined in detail. Selective salt formation at several stages
was pivotal to controlling the process impurities. The extensive optimization
of the N-methylation of a Boc-protected amine with dimethyl sulfate
and of a nucleophilic aromatic substitution without the use of metal
catalysts led to a robust, scalable process. The process was demonstrated
on a >100 kg scale. Overall, improved drug substance quality, higher
yield, and reduction of the process mass intensity were achieved.
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