Firearms have been ingrained in the American culture since the beginning and were instrumental in the nation's expansion. They are a source of great fascination, intrigue, and debate. Firearms are one of the most distinguishing symbols of the police and criminals alike. Firearms are the weapons most often used during a homicide in the United States. Often referred to as the instrumentality effect, guns are more likely to produce death than other types of weapons. Much research has been conducted into firearm crime and violence. Many laws have been enacted to help control firearm crime. In turn, the police have participated in a number of proactive, community‐oriented initiatives to reduce gun violence.

Gambling is the act of wagering something of value while attempting to predict the outcome of an unknown event in hopes of winning money or another object of value in addition to the original investment. The United States is deeply rooted in its gaming heritage. Today most states have some sort of legal gambling. However, illegal gambling and problem gamblers are considered detrimental to society. It is believed that many societal problems are linked to gambling, especially crime. However, research suggests that gambling itself is most likely not the cause of many crimes.