In step with the development of Industry 4.0, research on automatic operation technology and components related to automobiles is continuously being conducted. In particular, the torque angle sensor (TAS) module of the steering wheel system is considered to be a core technology owing to its precise angle, torque sensing, and high-speed signal processing. In the case of conventional TAS modules, in addition to the complicated gear structure, there is an error in angle detection due to the backlash between the main and sub-gear. In this paper, we propose a multi-track encoder-based vehicle steering system, which is incorporated with a TAS module structure that minimizes the number of components and the angle detection error of the module compared with existing TAS modules. We also fabricated and tested an angle detection signal processing board and evaluated it on a test stand. As a result, we could confirm its excellent performance of an average deviation of 0.4° and applicability to actual vehicles by evaluating its electromagnetic interference (EMI) environmental reliability. The ultimate goal of the TAS module is to detect the target steering angle with minimal computation by the steering or main electronic control unit (ECU) to meet the needs of the rapidly growing vehicle technology. The verified angle detection module can be applied to an actual steering system in accordance with the mentioned technical requirements.