Regardless of whether a VT- or PL-NIV strategy is employed, it is possible to provide similar support to subjects with AHRF. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02538263.).

This study was conducted to assess the CO2-elimination efficiency of tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) in 20 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and to compare its efficacy during volume-controlled (VCV) and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). TGI was initially applied as an adjunct to VCV, with continuous flows (Vcath) of 4 and 6 L/min delivered through a catheter positioned 2 cm above the carina. Total effective tidal volume (VTeff) was held constant. The percent reductions in PaCO2 (% delta PaCO2) were 13.3 +/- 2.1 and 16.7 +/- 2.7% at Vcath 4 and 6 L/min, respectively, which correlated well with the percent reduction in the end-tidal PCO2 from baseline (% delta PETCO2) (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). An inverse relationship (r = -0.65, p < 0.001 and r = -0.59, p < 0.01 at Vcath 4 and 6 L/min, respectively) was found between the % delta PaCO2 and the baseline ratio of artery to PETCO2 difference to PaCO2, which was determined as the fraction of alveolar dead space (VDalv) relative to total alveolar ventilation. Twelve patients were subsequently switched to PCV combined with Vcath 6 L/min, which provided a % delta PaCO2 of 16.1 +/- 3.0% (p = NS versus 17.1 +/- 2.6% during VCV). These data suggest that in patients with ARDS the change in PETCO2 may be helpful in predicting the decrement in PaCO2 during TGI, and the existence of a high VDalv tends to limit its effectiveness. Further, the efficacy of TGI with VCV is equivalent to that with PCV.

Background To explore whether a polypropylene mesh is suitable for application as a new material for testicular prostheses. Methods The data of 65 patients with advanced prostate cancer who underwent surgical castration in hospital were collected and analyzed. Patients who preferred to undergo traditional orchidectomy (n = 16) were assigned to the control group, and patients who underwent subcapsular orchiectomy plus implantation of a polypropylene mesh testicular prosthesis (n = 49) were assigned to the experimental group. The presence of hematoma, infection, and other complications in patients in these two groups were investigated at 3 and 12 months following the surgery. The patients were also followed up using a self-designed testicular castration satisfaction questionnaire. Results A higher score indicated greater satisfaction. The mean score was 15.33 ± 2.85 in the experimental group and 4.63 ± 1.45 in the control group at 3 months after the surgery. The mean score was 14.92 ± 1.74 in the experimental group and 4.25 ± 1.61 in the control group at 12 months after the surgery. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant at the two time points (P < 0.01). Conclusions Compared with orchidectomy alone, patients were more satisfied with subcapsular orchiectomy plus the implantation of a polypropylene mesh testicular prosthesis for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Furthermore, the polypropylene mesh testicular prosthesis maintained its original character over the duration of the study, with a good long-term effect. Thus, implantation of a polypropylene mesh testicular prosthesis is indicated to be safe and effective, and polypropylene mesh is potentially useful as a new material for testicular prostheses.