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Direct yaw moment control is an effective means to enhance vehicle stability and handling. The majority of the latest direct yaw moment control works employ sliding mode control to generate the target yaw moment. This paper proposes a new sliding mode-based direct yaw moment control method for simultaneous tracking of desired yaw rate and vehicle side-slip for electric and hybrid vehicles equipped with independent motors. Comparative simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional direct yaw moment control methods in terms of tracking the reference yaw rate, vehicle side-slip and vehicle path in various challenging driving scenarios.

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Adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems are designed to provide longitudinal assistance for drivers to enhance safety and reduce workload. As the core of all ACC control algorithms, the spacing policy plays a crucial role in various aspects. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on spacing policies for existing ACC solutions in the literature. The objectives of this paper are to clarify the operating mechanisms and characteristics of the common spacing policies, and to reveal their advantages and shortcomings by means of a comparative study. In this survey, the general evaluation criteria for spacing policies are first introduced. Then, the existing spacing policies are categorized into different types according to their operating mechanisms, and their characteristics are carefully reviewed and explained. A comparative study is followed to analyze the performances of five typical spacing policies in the literature, including the constant spacing policy, constant time headway, traffic flow stability, constant safety factor and human driving behavior spacing policies. The contents provided in this paper serve as a tool for understanding current ACC spacing policies, and pave the way for future ACC enhancement.INDEX TERMS Adaptive cruise control, spacing policy, traffic flow stability, string stability, time headway.