No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

The results provide normative data of corneal astigmatism for PACD patients. Corneal astigmatism was mainly distributed between 0.25 D and 1.25 D. The findings largely concur with published results in age-related cataract subjects.

In this study, an assessment scale for evaluating the experimental design ability of elementary science teachers was constructed based on primary trait analysis. This assessment scale contains three first-level indexes and eleven second-level indexes. The corresponding weights of indexes were determined by the objective weighting method. The scores of all the descriptions of the indexes were also assigned. After a trial test, this assessment scale was verified to be reliable and valid for evaluating the experimental design ability of elementary science teachers.