pyometra (7), coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and anticoagulant therapy (2). Finally, cystocentesis is not recommended in patients with known bladder neoplasia (2). Severe complications associated with cystocentesis, though uncommon, have been previously described especially in dogs, and include uroabdomen, septic peritonitis, and laceration of the abdominal aorta (AA) (4,8). A large study of complications of the procedure performed under ultrasonographic guide has not been previously published; in particular, the clinical and echographic features of adverse effects of cystocentesis have not been evaluated by controlled studies. The aim of this study was to determine the types of complications related to ultrasound-guided diagnostic cystocentesis (UGDC) in dogs and cats, focusing the paper on ultrasonographic features.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.