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Highlights 5HT-evoked nocifensive behaviors are sexually dimorphic and dependent on hormone status of the animal. Blocking the excitatory 5HT 2A receptor attenuates 5HT-evoked pain behaviors in females during proestrus/estrus. Basal levels of 5HT are elevated in cycling females as compared to males. Estrogen potentiates serotonergic neuromodulation of capsaicin-evoked CGRP release in female trigeminal sensory neurons.

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results suggest that widespread allodynia is stimulated during migraine episodes and that voluntary wheel running influences the painful behaviors mice display during elicited migraine attacks. (125) Early life stress is associated with capsaicininduced flare and secondary hyperalgesia