No abstract

No abstract

This experimental study concentrates on how different lighting arrangements affect visual perceptions of plant lighting. Five different lighting arrangements of three tree species were prepared; the differences between the participants' perceptions of each lighting arrangement were analysed and the effects of the different lighting arrangements were determined. Consequently, these applied lighting techniques were observed to be effective in creating visual perceptions of plants. In this particular study of plant-lighting alternatives, the objective was to determine which techniques created the most positive effects.

ÖzetÇalışmanın amacı: Kastamonu benzer yapıların yan yana gelerek oluşturacağı monotonluğun ötesinde yapı ve dokuları birbirine benzer ancak mimari ve estetik açıdan çeşitlilik gösteren bir kent siluetine sahiptir. Bu çalışma ile Kastamonu'ya uygun ve kenti en iyi şekilde anlatabilen kent siluetinin tasarlanması amaçlanmıştır.Çalışma alanı: Kastamonu kenti Materyal ve Yöntem: Siluetin oluşturulabilmesi için Kastamonu'da ikamet eden 105 kişiye anket uygulanmış anket sonuçlarında Kastamonu kentinde öne çıkan kentsel öğeler belirlenmiş ve belirlenen öğeler kullanılarak peyzaj mimarı olan araştırmacı tarafından kent siluetleri oluşturulmuştur. Nihai tasarımın amaca hizmet edip etmediğini anlayabilmek için tasarım konusunda bilgili ve deneyimli, daha önce temel tasarım dersi almış 52 kişiye ikinci bir anket uygulanmış ve sonuçları yardımıyla oluşturulan ürünün başarısı test edilmiştir.Sonuçlar: Kastamonu için en uygun kent silueti oluşturulmuş ve oluşturulan siluetin kriterler yardımıyla Kastamonu'nun kent silueti olabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.Araştırma vurguları: Kent silueti, kentsel estetiğin değerlendirilmesinde ve kentsel bütüne ulaşmada yol gösterici elemanlardan en önemlisidir. Kastamonu tarihi bir mirasa ve geçmişe sahip bir Anadolu kentidir. Kentin bu özelliklerini vurgulayan kente uygun bir kent silueti oluşturmak ve kullanıma geçirmek son derece önemlidir. AbstractAim of study: Kastamonu has a silhouette of the city that is similar to the structure and textures but varies from architectural and aesthetic perspective. In this study, it was aimed to design the city silhouette which is suitable to Kastamonu and the best describe the city.Area of study: Kastamonu City Material and Methods: Because the silhouette can be created, a questionnaire was applied to 105 people living in Kastamonu. The results of the questionnaire determined the urban items that stand out in the city of Kastamonu and Urban silhouettes were created by the landscape architecture researcher using the determined items. In order to understand whether the final design serves its purpose, a second questionnaire was applied to 52 people who were knowledgeable and experienced in design, and the product success was tested.Main results: The most suitable urban silhouette was created for Kastamonu and The results show that the created silhouette with the help of some criteria can the urban silhouette of Kastamonu.Research highlights: Urban silhouette is the most important element in the evaluation of urban aesthetics and the guiding elements in reaching the urban whole. Kastamonu is an Anatolian city which has historical heritage and history. It is extremely important to create and use urban silhouette suitable for the city that emphasizes these features of the city.

The environment is very important in terms of the behaviours and actions of human beings, and activity-environment correlation is used frequently in outdoor arrangements. The environment must meet the requirements and expectations of society. Outdoor activities are the activities that contribute to the well-being of human beings in physical (heartbeat, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) (Ulrich, Journal of Environmental Psychology 11:210-230, 1991), psychological (fear, anxiety, depression, loneliness, stress, etc.) (Marcus and Barnes 1999) and behavioural (insomnia, nervousness, restlessness, passivity, etc.) (Ulrich 1999) terms. It is known that human beings are affected significantly by the environments they are in, and more importantly, it is known that the environment they are in affects their happiness status. The causes of this effect are the features and appearances of the spatial elements and components that mainly make up such environments. One of the elements that is used frequently in landscape is water. If one examines designed or natural open spaces, it may be observed that water has very distinctive features. Dynamic (in the form of a leak, with intense flow rate, cascade, foamy, squirting, jet, graded, etc.) and still water elements may be used with sculptures, plants, rocks and elevations (on land). This study aims to reveal which age groups of students enjoy the different types of activities with regards to water features and emotional associations that motion and characteristics of water bring out in human beings and also to reveal the water preferences of human beings, including their reasons for such preference. Thus, 20 different water compositions located in Edirne Province were selected, and in 2-min camera reels, the students of various age groups assessed water with various characteristic features via a survey. As a result, it was revealed that human beings from various age groups wish to perform different activities with water elements having distinctive characteristic features, and the types of water elements that are subject to various age groups' like and dislike were determined. Kruskal-Wallis test was used during testing the effect of age differences. Chi-square analysis was used in order to examine the effect of age differences on preferences with regards to the activities that shall be performed at locations that include utilization of various water elements. The results reveal that while the use of water should be allowed in landscaping, selections regarding the elements of these water features should be made based on the type of activity and the age group of users in relation to the location.