Eighteen hundred eggs obtained from Ross broiler breeders at 32 and 48 wk age were randomly assigned to two incubation treatments: T1 eggs were incubated at 37.6℃ throughout, while for T2 eggs the incubation temperature was reduced 1℃ for 6 h daily at embryonic ages (EA) 10 to 18. Embryo and organ weights and body composition were measured at EA 14, 19 and day of hatch (DOH). Hatchability and hatching duration, as well as serum triiodothyronine (T 3 ), thyroxin (T 4 ), and triglycerides were measured at DOH. T1 eggs contained less water than T2 eggs at EA 18. Hatchability was lower and the incubation period was 4.2 h longer for T2 than T1 chicks. On DOH for older breeders chick weights and serum T 3 levels were higher for T2 than T1; however, those from younger breeders were similar at both incubation temperatures. These results may show a beneficial effect of T2 treatment in older breeders. Incubation temperature did not affect triglycerides levels. On DOH, higher body lipids content of T2 than T1 chicks may contribute to their resistance to cold post hatch.

Objective: In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), endothelial dysfunction caused by the inflammatory process increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) leads to vascular dysfunction, whereas atherosclerosis and increased ADMA is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Flow-mediated Dilation (FMD) is a radiological method to demonstrate endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, we assessed the availability of ADMA as a marker for endothelial dysfunction in RA patients. ADMA can be used as a simple and cheaper method for the determination of endothelial dysfunction. Material and Methods:Forty patients (1 male, 39 female) diagnosed with RA according to the classification criteria and 29 healthy volunteers (2 males, 27 females) were included in this study. ADMA was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman's correlation tests were used for analytical analysis, and p<0.05 was considered as the level of statistical significance.Results: In our study, ADMA levels were significantly higher in RA patients. The ADMA level was inversely correlated with FMD.

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This study showed that postischemic treatment with PDTC significantly attenuated the lung reperfusion injury. Further clinical studies are needed for better understanding of the specific mechanisms of PDTC protection against I/R-related organ injury and to clarify whether PDTC may be a useful therapeutic agent during particular operations where remote organ I/R injury occurs.

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