Collectively, these data indicate that lidocaine neurotoxicity involves mitochondrial dysfunction with activation of apoptotic pathways.

ABT-510 therapy administered at 100 mg twice/day in patients with MM did not demonstrate definite clinical efficacy. Further dose escalation or combination with cytotoxic therapy may be more effective therapeutically.

In this model, lidocaine greater than 2.5% elevates Ca2+(cyt) to toxic levels. Bupivacaine and lower concentrations of lidocaine transiently alter Ca2+(cyt) homeostasis for several minutes, but without an immediate neurotoxic effect within 60 min.