Introduction: The present paper aims to identify and characterize studies that assess the repercussions of parental rearing styles on development of psychopathological symptoms and to examine the possible relations between parental rearing behaviors and development of early maladaptive schemas (EMS). Methods: A systematic search was conducted on the PsychNet, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases for empirical studies published up to 2018 in Portuguese, English, or Spanish that investigated and characterized the effects of parental rearing styles. Results: The electronic search identified 321 articles on the various different databases, only 22 of which met the criteria for inclusion and were read in full. Correlations were found between EMS and maternal rejection, parental rearing styles and depression in the studies. EMS were also found to act as mediators in the relationship between parental rearing styles and/or education and dysfunctional symptoms during personality development. Conclusions: In the studies selected, parental rearing styles stood out from other variables that influence personality development and activation of schematic patterns. It is therefore important to highlight the importance of conducting studies in this area to provide information that can promote care and prevention strategies in early childhood.

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Resumo: Déficits cognitivos em crianças são relacionados ao nascimento pré-termo, e grande parte destas dificuldades são observadas apenas quando as crianças atingem a idade escolar. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática, o estudo buscou investigar dados empíricos acerca dos efeitos do nascimento pré-termo nos desfechos cognitivos (Quociente de Inteligência Geral e/ou Funções Executivas) em crianças nascidas pré-termo, com idade entre 9 e 12 anos. Foram selecionados manuscritos publicados entre 2004 a 2014, escritos em inglês, português ou espanhol. A busca foi realizada nas bases Psy-cINFO, PubMed e Scopus. No total, 13 estudos satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão. Os resultados indicaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos pré-termo e a termo, visto que as crianças pré-termo apresentaram os escores mais baixos. Entretanto, na maioria dos estudos, as crianças nascidas pré-termo tiveram escores dentro da média no que diz respeito ao Quociente de Inteligência Geral. Implicações clínicas e limitações metodológicas são discutidas.Palavras-chave: pré-termo; quociente de inteligência geral; funções executivas; crianças; idade escolar. PRETERM BIRTH EFFECT ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN CHILDREN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEWAbstract: Cognitive deficits are related to preterm birth and many of these difficulties are first seen when children reach school age. Through a systematic review, this study investigates the empirical data about preterm birth effects on cognitive outcomes (Overall Intelligence Quocient and/or Executive Functions) in preterm children aged 9-12 years. Manuscripts published between 2004-2014, written in English, Portuguese or Spanish were selected. The search was conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus. Altogether, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results showed statistically significant differences between the preterm and term groups, as the preterm children had the lowest scores. However, in most studies preterm children had average scores on the Overall Intelligence Quotient. Clinical implications and methodological limitations are discussed.

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