Resumo -Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estabelecer um protocolo efi ciente de embriogênese somática, em híbridos triploides entre capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) e milheto (P. glaucum (L.) R. Br.), e avaliar por citometria de fl uxo a estabilidade genômica das plantas obtidas in vitro. A embriogênese somática e a regeneração das plantas foram estabelecidas a partir de embriões zigóticos maduros de híbridos entre capim-elefante e milheto. Foram testados quatro tratamentos com 2,4-ácido diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D), nas concentrações 0, 1, 2 e 3 mg L -1 , para indução de calos embriogênicos, e dois tratamentos com inositol a 1 e 2 g L -1 , para regeneração das plantas. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. A combinação ótima de hormônios foi de 2 mg L -1 de 2,4-D, para indução de calos embriogênicos, e de 1 g L -1 de inositol, para conversão de embriões e regeneração de plantas. A análise de quantidade de DNA, por citometria de fl uxo das plantas regeneradas, indicou a não ocorrência de alterações em ploidia durante a embriogênese somática e a regeneração das plantas. A quantidade de DNA nuclear e a ploidia das plantas regeneradas foram estáveis e homogêneas em comparação às das plantas controle. Não ocorreu instabilidade cariotípica no sistema de regeneração usado para híbridos de Pennisetum.Termos para indexação: Pennisetum glaucum, Pennisetum purpureum, cultura de tecidos. Somatic embryogenesis in hybrids of Pennisetum sp. and genomic stability evaluation by cytometryAbstract -The objectives of this study were to establish an effi cient protocol for somatic embryogenesis in triploid hybrids between napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) and pearl millet (P. glaucum (L.) R. Br.), and to assess the genomic stability by fl ow cytometry of the plants obtained in vitro. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were successfully established from mature zygotic embryos of napiergrass and pearl millet hybrids. Four treatments with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 0, 1, 2 e 3 mg L -1 were tested for embryogenic calli induction and two treatments with inositol at 1 e 2 g L -1 were tested for plant regeneration. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design. The optimum hormone combinations were 2 mg L -1 of 2,4-D for embryogenic callus induction, and 1 g L -1 of inositol for embryos conversion and plant regeneration. The analysis of DNA content by fl ow cytometry of the regenerated plantlets indicated that no ploidy changes had been induced during somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. The nuclear DNA content and ploidy levels of the regenerated plants were stable and homogeneous in comparison to those of the control plants. There was no occurrence of karyological instability in the regeneration system utilized for Pennisetum hybrid.
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