A strong solid Lewis acid catalyst has been successfully obtained by modifying a known procedure of fluorinating γ-aluminium oxide, which was pre-calcined under vacuum.

Aluminium chlorofluoride (ACF) and high-surface aluminium fluoride (HS-AlF3) can be considered as solid superacids based on several surface characterization techniques presented here.

Novel aluminium Nb-doped fluoride catalysts were synthesized using an aluminium hydroxide precursor to afford solids where very strong Lewis acid sites coexist with Brønsted acid sites.

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A series of acid catalysts were prepared, using niobium and antimony as dopants in the fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis of high surface aluminium fluoride.