The findings of this pharmacy prescription claims-based study suggest a small increase in concomitant use of isotretinoin and contraceptives coincident with the time of implementation of iPledge, particularly among younger women. Published 2013. This article is a U. S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Numerous challenges made it difficult to apply the DILI criteria to children with IFALD. Direct bilirubin, fractionated ALP, and perhaps GGT may be more suitable. Given its complex etiology and the age-based differences due to hepatic immaturity and growth, a more suitable composite marker needs to be developed to assess IFALD in this population.