Xpert MTB/RIF provides a rapid, useful, and accurate test to diagnose mediastinal nodal TB in intermediate-incidence settings. The additional use of TBNA cytology further enhances the sensitivity of Xpert. This combination can facilitate rapid risk assessment and prompt TB treatment.

Conclusion These results question the validity of following up LTBI patients at 3 and 12 months after diagnosis. Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine the optimum intervals for follow-up.

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