This paper reviews the recent literature on cylindroma, a rare tumor originating from the cutaneous adnexal structures of the scalp and face. Benign cylindroma is more frequent in women, and there are solitary and multiple forms, which are autosomal. Malignant cylindroma can occur in the Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, and malignant transformation is more frequent in multiple variants than in solitary tumors. Its histopathological basis is controversial, and its origin is unknown, although it is known that there is a genetic basis for onset of these tumors in Brooke-Spiegler syndrome.

Chemotherapy drugs can affect the skin and its appendages. Several clinical presentations can be observed, depending on the affected structure. The most common dermatological side effect is chromonychia. The main causative agents are: (1) cyclophosphamide, which can provoke a diffuse, black pigmentation, longitudinal striae and dark grey pigmentation located proximally on the nails; (2) doxorubicin, which promotes dark brown bands alternating with white striae and dark brown pigmentation in transverse bands, and (3) hydroxyurea, which produces a distal, diffuse, dark brown pigmentation. In the majority of cases, the effects are reversible after the suspension of the causative agent for a few months. We report a patient who developed chromonychia while undergoing treatment with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, methotrexate and cytarabine for acute lymphocytic leukemia.

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